00Before the build
Two questions place every engagement.
Any engagement that asks a public something can be placed with them: a workshop, a museum kiosk, a festival vote, a truck touring the neighbourhoods.
The figure is built from our own work: each disc is one of the 78 engagements in which people were asked. Talks, trainings and research grants are left off.
01The vertical axis
Open brief, or defined brief
Could this engagement still change what will be done, or only how?
At the top, the brief is open: nothing is fixed yet, and what people say can change the plan itself. At the bottom, it is defined: what will be built is settled, and people shape how it looks and works. Each end promises something different, and a city should know which one it is offering before it asks.
From our vocabulary
open brief
What will be done is not yet decided, so an engagement can still change what happens, not only how.
defined brief
What will be done is already decided. An engagement can still change how it is done, but not whether.
02The horizontal axis
Respond, or propose
Will people bring material you do not have yet, or respond to material you provide?
On the left, people respond: to a scenario, a policy idea, a drawing someone else made. On the right, people propose: they bring the photograph, the wish, the first image of what could be there. Where the two questions cross, four tasks appear.
From our vocabulary
respond
People respond to material we provide: a scenario, a drawing, a policy idea.
propose
People bring material we do not have yet: a wish, an idea, a photograph of their own street.
03Open brief · respond
Scenario planning
What if this happened here?
Already decidedThe question, not the answer. We have options to put to people.
A scenario or a policy idea goes to people before anything is decided, and we learn what they could live with.
In Enschede, residents of Twekkelerveld added trees, benches and water to photographs of their own streets. At the Estonian Museum of Natural History, a kiosk with no facilitator let visitors try a more biodiverse city on real sites. TICO in Bologna, above, sits here too.
04Open brief · propose
Speculative Futures
What could this place become?
Already decidedNothing yet. We want ideas about what this place could become.
Everything is still open. People bring the future they want for a place, and it becomes the raw material of the brief.
In Lahti, 66 images made by residents and stakeholders at an open-house station fed the City Centre Vision 2040, which the city adopted in spring 2024. In Luleå, children photographed real places and reimagined them on their own terms.
05Defined brief · respond
Design review
What would make this better?
Already decidedThe design. We want it better before it is final.
The design exists. People react to the actual drawings while there is still time to revise.
Vienna’s Supergrätzl and Munich’s Siegestor, both above, sit here. So do Helsinki’s market squares and Liivalaia Street in Tallinn.
06Defined brief · propose
Co-design
How should it look and work?
Already decidedWhat we will build, but not yet how it looks.
What will happen is decided: a street, a square, a building. How it takes shape is open, and what people propose feeds the design.
Helsinki Summer Streets, 2023, sits here. So do Kaarina’s market square, above, and Jyväskylä, where culture and real-estate actors imagined new uses for the interiors of the main library.
That is the whole framework: 78 engagements, four tasks, two questions. The use cases page holds every one of them, with a filter for each task.